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"Navalny Dies in Prison, Authorities Say \u2212 but His Blueprint for Anti-Putin Activism Will Live On"
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"https://portside.org/2024-02-16/navalny-dies-prison-authorities-say-his-blueprint-anti-putin-activism-will-live"
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"value": "A portrait of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny is placed at the monument to the victims of political repressions following Navalny's death, in Saint Petersburg, Russia February 16, 2024, REUTERS/Stringer \n[Read Alexey Navalny's statement to the court, 'Everyone has to make some kind of sacrifice,' as he was sentenced to 20 years in prison in August 2023. -- moderator]\n\nLong lines of Russians endured subzero temperatures in January 2024 to demand that anti-Ukraine war candidate Boris Nadezhdin be allowed to run in the forthcoming presidential election. It was protest by petition \u2013 a tactic that reflects the legacy of Alexei Navalny, the longtime Russian pro-democracy campaigner. Authorities say Navalny, a persistent thorn in the side of Russian President Vladimir Putin, died in prison on Feb. 16, 2024.\n\nFor more than a decade, Navalny fought Russian authoritarianism at the ballot box and on the streets as the most recognizable face of anti-Putinism, filtering support to candidates brave enough to stand against the Kremlin\u2019s wishes.\n Share this article on Twitter Facebook Mail\nOften opposition does not translate into electoral success. Nadezhdin supporters did not expect that their man could actually defeat Putin in the vote scheduled for March 20, 2024. Given how tightly the Kremlin controls politics in Russia, the result of the presidential election is a foregone conclusion.\n\nBut for many Russians, the opportunity to support Nadezhdin\u2019s candidacy was the only legal means they had to communicate their opposition to Putin and the war. The fact that authorities ultimately barred Nadezhdin from participating suggests that the Kremlin remains cautious about any candidate who punctures official narratives of a nation united behind Putin\u2019s war in Ukraine.\n\nThat effort to protest the election seems all the more poignant following Navalny\u2019s death. It reflected the heart of a strategy that Navalny developed over more than a decade and that I have written about since 2011.\nThe movement remains\nNavalny understood that opposition in Russia was about exposing the corruption in Putin\u2019s party, United Russia; shining a light on electoral manipulation; and alerting the world to growing political violence.\n\nNavalny highlighted the very real opposition to Putin and authoritarian rule that exists in Russia despite attempts to hide it from the world.\n\nTo achieve these goals, team Navalny \u2013 and it is important to remember that while Navalny the man is dead, the movement he sparked remains \u2013 repeatedly used elections to make the opposition visible and spark political debate.\n\n\n\nIf you like this article, please sign up for Snapshot, Portside's daily summary.\nEmail\n(One summary e-mail a day, you can change anytime, and Portside is always free.)\n Leave this field blank\nNavalny emerged as a political force in 2011, when he kicked off a large national protest movement ahead of the 2012 parliamentary election by labeling Putin\u2019s United Russia the \u201cParty of Crooks and Thieves.\u201d He held contests to create memes to illustrate the slogan and mobilized voters who did not support Putin\u2019s party.\n\nA protester wearing a hat stands in front of a sign in Russian that translates to 'We did not vote for crooks and thieves!'\n\nOpposition activists in 2011 declare, \u2018We did not vote for crooks and thieves!\u2019 Valery Titievsky/AFP via Getty Images\n\nPutin inevitably won the election, with the head of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe observer mission commenting that due to irregularities and abuses the winner \u201cwas never in doubt.\u201d\n\nBut nonetheless, Navalny\u2019s efforts meant that a new opposition was in place and ready to take to the streets to fight election fraud.\nGetting out of the electoral \u2018ghetto\u2019\nDespite his arrest and conviction on fraud charges in 2013, Navalny ran for mayor of Moscow that year. In the campaign, he innovated electoral politics, recruiting young volunteers who met voters on the streets and in their apartment blocks.\n\nNavalny won almost 30% of the vote \u2013 double that expected \u2013 and claimed that the only reason Putin\u2019s hand-picked candidate, Sergei Sobyanin, had got above the 50% needed to secure a first-round victory was due to a falsified vote.\n\nNavalny later articulated the real success, as he saw it, in an interview with fellow opposition figure Vladimir Kara-Murza: \u201cWe have shown that ordinary people \u2013 with no administrative resources, no corporate sponsors, no public relations gurus \u2013 can unite and achieve results at the ballot box,\u201d he said. \u201cWe have shown that we are no longer confined to a 3% electoral \u2018ghetto.\u2019\u201d\n\nNavalny concluded: \u201cFor me, the most important result of this campaign is the return of real politics to Russia.\u201d\n\nDuring that 2013 campaign, my research team interviewed Navalny activists and observed the work in campaign headquarters.\n\nThese interviews underscored Navalny\u2019s relationship with the people. Many of the volunteers rejected the idea that they were working for him. Instead, they were volunteering because they admired Navalny\u2019s tactics. They liked his political style. They wanted change in Russia.\n\nNavalny brought Russians alienated by Russian politics together and empowered them. As one campaign volunteer interviewed in our study argued, \u201cWe all were frightened before the first protest and even left a will before we joined the movement. But it was not a mob. There were people like us. The feeling we had in Navalny\u2019s office was the feeling of being with people like me.\u201d\n\nThrough the next decade, Navalny and his team continued to return political competition to Russia\u2019s politics. They built local organizations that attracted support and found some success in Siberian cities Tomsk and Novosibirsk, despite the endless obstacles the Kremlin placed in their way.\nReturn from exile\nThe culmination of these efforts is a system Navalny developed in 2018 called Smart Voting. Through an online tool, the Navalny team encourages Russians to support any reform-minded candidates in elections and in particular directs voters to the candidate most likely to beat Putin\u2019s United Russia party.\n\nResearch by Russian scholars Mikhail Turchenko and Grigorii Golosov shows that the tool has had a very significant effect on voters and increasing turnout, opposition votes and popular attention on elections.\n\nNavalny\u2019s efforts seemingly irked the Russian state and may have been the impetus of an assassination attempt against him by Russia\u2019s domestic security agency, known as the FSB, in 2020.\n\nNavalny survived Novichok poisoning only because international pressure forced the regime to allow him to be airlifted to Germany for treatment. During his recovery, Navalny used the attack on him to further his political activism and convey the regime\u2019s growing brutality. He famously interviewed his would-be assassin to uncover the details of the operation.\n\nNavalny\u2019s return to Russia under threat of arrest in February 2021 kicked off the largest street protests \u2013 in support of the opposition leader \u2013 since the collapse of the Soviet Union.\n\nThese protests inspired a new generation of activists. They also marked new levels of police brutality against pro-democracy demonstrators in the streets and in the years since.\nHanding on the baton\nSince 2022, I have led a research team that has interviewed Russians who left the country in opposition to the war in Ukraine. Many participated in the anti-war protests of late February and early March 2022 and point to Navalny\u2019s return to Russia as the origin of their own political engagement and activism.\n\nAs one respondent argued: \u201cMy civic position began to emerge. All this was close to Navalny, his movement, and his encouragement to notice something, to pay attention \u2026 I began to go to rallies, and became much more interested and aware of politics.\u201d\n\nWhile Navalny languished in prison camps following his arrest on charges of violating parole during his recovery in Germany, many of these activists in exile continued to operate outside of Russia, our research partners have found.\n\nThey support Ukrainian refugees and war efforts and participate in tracking down children who have been taken to Russia. They are active in anti-war demonstrations and support each other in exile.\n\nThis new generation of Russian activists \u2013 whether those in exile advocating for change or those risking their well-being in Russia to support anti-war candidates \u2013 is Navalny\u2019s legacy, and I believe it is powerful.\n\nBefore his death, Navalny spoke directly to the generation of activists he inspired: \u201cListen, I\u2019ve got something very obvious to tell you. You\u2019re not allowed to give up. If they decide to kill me, it means that we are incredibly strong. The Conversation \u201d\n\nRegina Smyth\u00a0is\u00a0Professor of Political Science, Indiana University\n\nThis article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.\n Alexey Navalny Russia Subscribe to Portside",
"lang": "en",
"html": "<div class=\"expanded-article-image-wrapper\">\n<img alt=\"\" class=\"expanded-article-image u-photo img-responsive\" height=\"453\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://portside.org/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/navalny-2024-02-16.jpg\" width=\"615\"/>\n<div class=\"article-image-credit\">\n A portrait of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny is placed at the monument to the victims of political repressions following Navalny's death, in Saint Petersburg, Russia February 16, 2024, REUTERS/Stringer\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"full-article-text-wrapper\">\n<div>\n<p>[Read <a href=\"https://portside.org/2023-08-11/navalny-everyone-has-make-some-kind-sacrifice\">Alexey Navalny's statement to the court, 'Everyone has to make some kind of sacrifice,'</a> as he was sentenced to 20 years in prison in August 2023. -- moderator]</p>\n<p>Long <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/27/world/europe/russia-putin-election-boris-nadezhdin.html\">lines of Russians endured subzero temperatures</a> in January 2024 to demand that <a href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-anti-war-candidate-nadezhdin-says-he-has-enough-signatures-run-president-2024-01-31/\">anti-Ukraine war candidate Boris Nadezhdin</a> be allowed to run in the forthcoming presidential election. It was protest by petition \u2013 a tactic that reflects the legacy of Alexei Navalny, the longtime Russian pro-democracy campaigner. Authorities say Navalny, a persistent thorn in the side of Russian President Vladimir Putin, <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/16/world/europe/aleksei-navalny-dead-russia.html\">died in prison</a> on Feb. 16, 2024.</p>\n<p>For more than a decade, Navalny fought Russian authoritarianism at the ballot box and on the streets as the most recognizable face of anti-Putinism, filtering support to candidates brave enough to stand against the Kremlin\u2019s wishes.</p>\n<div class=\"links inline social-buttons-links tokens\" id=\"block-socialsimpleblock\">\n<div class=\"social-buttons\">\n<div class=\"social-buttons-title\">Share this article on</div>\n<ul class=\"links\">\n<li class=\"twitter\"><a data-placement=\"top\" data-popup-height=\"300\" data-popup-width=\"600\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" href=\"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?url=https%3A//portside.org/2024-02-16/navalny-dies-prison-authorities-say-his-blueprint-anti-putin-activism-will-live&amp;text=Navalny%20Dies%20in%20Prison%2C%20Authorities%20Say%20%E2%88%92%20but%20His%20Blueprint%20for%20Anti-Putin%20Activism%20Will%20Live%20On\" title=\"Twitter\"><i class=\"fa fa-twitter\"></i><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Twitter</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"facebook\"><a data-placement=\"top\" data-popup-height=\"300\" data-popup-width=\"600\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//portside.org/2024-02-16/navalny-dies-prison-authorities-say-his-blueprint-anti-putin-activism-will-live\" title=\"Facebook\"><i class=\"fa fa-facebook\"></i><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Facebook</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"mail\"><a data-popup-open=\"false\" href=\"mailto:?body=%0ANavalny%20Dies%20in%20Prison%2C%20Authorities%20Say%20%E2%88%92%20but%20His%20Blueprint%20for%20Anti-Putin%20Activism%20Will%20Live%20On%0Ahttps%3A//portside.org/2024-02-16/navalny-dies-prison-authorities-say-his-blueprint-anti-putin-activism-will-live&amp;subject=Navalny%20Dies%20in%20Prison%2C%20Authorities%20Say%20%E2%88%92%20but%20His%20Blueprint%20for%20Anti-Putin%20Activism%20Will%20Live%20On\" title=\"Mail\"><i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"></i><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Mail</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n<p>Often opposition does not translate into electoral success. Nadezhdin supporters did not expect that their man could actually defeat Putin in the <a href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-putin-run-again-president-2024-2023-12-08/\">vote scheduled for March 20, 2024</a>. Given how tightly the Kremlin controls politics in Russia, the result of the presidential election is a foregone conclusion.</p>\n<p>But for many Russians, the opportunity to support Nadezhdin\u2019s candidacy was the only legal means they had to communicate their opposition to Putin and the war. The fact that authorities ultimately <a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/02/08/boris-nadezhdin-antiwar-candidate-putin/\">barred</a> Nadezhdin from participating suggests that the Kremlin remains cautious about any candidate who punctures official narratives of a nation united behind Putin\u2019s war in Ukraine.</p>\n<p>That effort to protest the election seems all the more poignant following Navalny\u2019s death. It reflected the heart of a strategy that Navalny developed over more than a decade and that <a href=\"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4HseTkMAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">I have written about</a> since 2011.</p>\n<h2>The movement remains</h2>\n<p>Navalny understood that opposition in Russia was about exposing the <a href=\"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/united-russia-party-of-crooks-and-thieves-and-then-some/\">corruption</a> in Putin\u2019s party, United Russia; shining a light on <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/elections-protest-and-authoritarian-regime-stability/51A474C37A1671C885CC5F90091EDBC0\">electoral manipulation</a>; and alerting the world to growing <a href=\"https://www.voanews.com/a/russian-repression-of-dissidents-civil-society-reaches-unprecedented-levels/7279656.html\">political violence</a>.</p>\n<p>Navalny highlighted the very real opposition to Putin and authoritarian rule that exists in Russia despite attempts to hide it from the world.</p>\n<p>To achieve these goals, team Navalny \u2013 and it is important to remember that while Navalny the man is dead, the <a href=\"https://acf.international\">movement he sparked</a> remains \u2013 repeatedly used elections to make the opposition visible and spark political debate.</p>\n<p></p><div class=\"snapshot-mini-form tokens\" data-drupal-selector=\"snapshot-mini-form\" id=\"block-portsidelistservnewslettersubscribeminiform\">\n<form accept-charset=\"UTF-8\" action=\"#snapshot-mini-form\" class=\"form-horizontal\" id=\"snapshot-mini-form\" method=\"post\">\n<p class=\"helper-text\">If you like this article, please sign up for Snapshot, Portside's daily summary.</p><div class=\"subscribe-oneline\"><div class=\"row form-group js-form-item form-item js-form-type-email form-type-email js-form-item-email-address form-item-email-address\">\n<label class=\"col-sm-2 control-label js-form-required form-required\" for=\"edit-email-address\">Email</label>\n<div class=\"form--email col-sm-10 col-lg-8\">\n<input aria-required=\"true\" class=\"form-email required form-control input--text\" data-drupal-selector=\"edit-email-address\" id=\"edit-email-address\" maxlength=\"64\" name=\"email_address\" required=\"required\" size=\"64\" type=\"email\" value=\"\"/>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"form-group\">\n<input class=\"btn-wide button js-form-submit form-submit btn-portside\" data-drupal-selector=\"edit-submit\" id=\"edit-submit\" name=\"op\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Subscribe\"/>\n</div>\n</div><input class=\"form-control input--text\" data-drupal-selector=\"edit-list-name\" name=\"list_name\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"PORTSIDE-SNAPSHOT\"/>\n<p class=\"helper-text\">(One summary e-mail a day, you can <a href=\"https://portside.org/subscribe\">change anytime</a>, and Portside is always free.)</p><input class=\"form-control input--text\" data-drupal-selector=\"edit-honeypot-time\" name=\"honeypot_time\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"pAh_AXmR_8wFzK8uy75trVmKmDlm2sqMJydGIc_cvXo\"/>\n<input autocomplete=\"off\" class=\"form-control input--text\" data-drupal-selector=\"form-giahogzkuhxrrlbsxscafj9bfh3g5bzkrddmfi-6snu\" name=\"form_build_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"form-GiAhOgZkuHXrrLBSXScafj9bfH3g5bzKrddMFi_6SNU\"/>\n<input class=\"form-control input--text\" data-drupal-selector=\"edit-snapshot-mini-form\" name=\"form_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"snapshot_mini_form\"/>\n<div class=\"zip-textfield js-form-wrapper form-wrapper\" style=\"display: none !important;\"><div class=\"row form-group js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textfield form-type-textfield js-form-item-zip form-item-zip\">\n<label class=\"col-sm-2 control-label\" for=\"edit-zip\">Leave this field blank</label>\n<div class=\"form--textfield col-sm-10 col-lg-8\">\n<input autocomplete=\"off\" class=\"form-text form-control input--text\" data-drupal-selector=\"edit-zip\" id=\"edit-zip\" maxlength=\"128\" name=\"zip\" size=\"20\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"/>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</form>\n</div>\n<p>Navalny <a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/russian-blogger-alexei-navalny-in-spotlight-after-arrest/2011/12/06/gIQA5tZPZO_story.html\">emerged as a political force</a> in 2011, when he kicked off a large national protest movement ahead of the 2012 parliamentary election by labeling Putin\u2019s United Russia the \u201cParty of Crooks and Thieves.\u201d He held contests to create memes to illustrate the slogan and mobilized voters who did not support Putin\u2019s party.</p>\n<p><img alt=\"A protester wearing a hat stands in front of a sign in Russian that translates to 'We did not vote for crooks and thieves!'\" src=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/576222/original/file-20240216-16-d4pt1w.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"/></p>\n<p><span>Opposition activists in 2011 declare, \u2018We did not vote for crooks and thieves!\u2019</span> <span><a href=\"https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/opposition-activists-protest-in-the-siberian-city-of-news-photo/135444601?adppopup=true\">Valery Titievsky/AFP via Getty Images</a></span></p>\n<p>Putin inevitably won the election, with the head of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe observer mission commenting that <a href=\"https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/88661\">due to irregularities and abuses</a> the winner \u201cwas never in doubt.\u201d</p>\n<p>But nonetheless, Navalny\u2019s efforts meant that a new opposition was in place and ready to take to the streets to fight election fraud.</p>\n<h2>Getting out of the electoral \u2018ghetto\u2019</h2>\n<p>Despite his arrest and conviction on fraud charges in 2013, Navalny <a href=\"https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/perspective/russian-mayoral-election-white\">ran for mayor</a> of Moscow that year. In the campaign, he innovated electoral politics, recruiting young volunteers who met voters on the streets and in their apartment blocks.</p>\n<p>Navalny <a href=\"https://www.lai.lv/viedokli/navalnys-i-have-a-dream-moment-in-moscows-mayoral-election-313\">won almost 30%</a> of the vote \u2013 double that expected \u2013 and claimed that the only reason Putin\u2019s hand-picked candidate, Sergei Sobyanin, had got above the 50% needed to secure a first-round victory was <a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/moscows-mayoral-race-rattles-the-kremlin/2013/09/09/458edb8a-1986-11e3-8685-5021e0c41964_story.html\">due to a falsified vote</a>.</p>\n<p>Navalny later <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43555051\">articulated</a> the real success, as he saw it, in an interview with fellow opposition figure <a href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/russia-jails-putin-critic-vladimir-kara-murza-for-treason/a-65343380\">Vladimir Kara-Murza</a>: \u201cWe have shown that ordinary people \u2013 with no administrative resources, no corporate sponsors, no public relations gurus \u2013 can unite and achieve results at the ballot box,\u201d he said. \u201cWe have shown that we are no longer confined to a 3% electoral \u2018ghetto.\u2019\u201d</p>\n<p>Navalny concluded: \u201cFor me, the most important result of this campaign is the return of real politics to Russia.\u201d</p>\n<p>During that 2013 campaign, my research team <a href=\"https://brill.com/view/journals/rupo/1/4/article-p347_2.xml\">interviewed Navalny activists</a> and observed the work in campaign headquarters.</p>\n<p>These interviews underscored Navalny\u2019s relationship with the people. Many of the volunteers rejected the idea that they were working for him. Instead, they were volunteering because they admired Navalny\u2019s tactics. They liked his political style. They wanted change in Russia.</p>\n<p>Navalny brought Russians alienated by Russian politics together and empowered them. As one campaign volunteer <a href=\"https://brill.com/view/journals/rupo/1/4/article-p347_2.xml\">interviewed</a> in our study argued, \u201cWe all were frightened before the first protest and even left a will before we joined the movement. But it was not a mob. There were people like us. The feeling we had in Navalny\u2019s office was the feeling of being with people like me.\u201d</p>\n<p>Through the next decade, Navalny and his team continued to return political competition to Russia\u2019s politics. They built local organizations that attracted support and <a href=\"https://www.france24.com/en/20200914-kremlin-set-for-victory-in-local-elections-navalny-s-allies-make-symbolic-gains-in-siberia\">found some success</a> in Siberian cities Tomsk and Novosibirsk, despite the <a href=\"https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/10/25/how-kremlin-learned-to-defeat-its-opposition-pub-85620\">endless obstacles</a> the Kremlin placed in their way.</p>\n<h2>Return from exile</h2>\n<p>The culmination of these efforts is a system Navalny developed in 2018 called <a href=\"https://apnews.com/article/europe-russia-elections-media-voting-cec43110142e7ce362b2d4f9acd9b1f0\">Smart Voting</a>. Through an <a href=\"https://apnews.com/article/europe-russia-elections-media-voting-cec43110142e7ce362b2d4f9acd9b1f0\">online tool</a>, the Navalny team encourages Russians to support any reform-minded candidates in elections and in particular directs voters to the candidate most likely to beat Putin\u2019s United Russia party.</p>\n<p>Research by Russian scholars Mikhail Turchenko and Grigorii Golosov <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2022.2147485\">shows that the tool</a> has had a very significant effect on voters and increasing turnout, opposition votes and popular attention on elections.</p>\n<p>Navalny\u2019s efforts seemingly irked the Russian state and may have been the impetus of an assassination attempt against him by Russia\u2019s domestic security agency, known as the FSB, in 2020.</p>\n<p>Navalny survived <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/14/alexei-navalny-in-critical-situation-after-possible-poisoning-says-ally\">Novichok poisoning</a> only because <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/06/navalny-poisoning-germany-raises-pressure-on-russia-with-sanctions-talk\">international pressure</a> forced the regime to allow him to be <a href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53865811\">airlifted to Germany</a> for treatment. During his recovery, Navalny used the attack on him to further his political activism and convey the regime\u2019s growing brutality. He famously <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwvA49ZXnf8\">interviewed his would-be assassin</a> to uncover the details of the operation.</p>\n<p>Navalny\u2019s <a href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/why-alexey-navalny-returned-to-russia\">return to Russia</a> under threat of arrest in February 2021 kicked off the largest street protests \u2013 in support of the opposition leader \u2013 since the collapse of the Soviet Union.</p>\n<p>These protests inspired a new generation of activists. They also <a href=\"https://en.ovdinfo.org/suppression-rallies-support-alexei-navalny-january-17-and-18-2021\">marked</a> new levels of police brutality against pro-democracy demonstrators in the streets and in the years since.</p>\n<h2>Handing on the baton</h2>\n<p>Since 2022, I have led a research team that has interviewed Russians who left the country in opposition to the war in Ukraine. Many participated in the anti-war protests of late February and early March 2022 and point to Navalny\u2019s return to Russia as the origin of their own political engagement and activism.</p>\n<p>As one respondent argued: \u201cMy civic position began to emerge. All this was close to Navalny, his movement, and his encouragement to notice something, to pay attention \u2026 I began to go to rallies, and became much more interested and aware of politics.\u201d</p>\n<p>While Navalny <a href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/25/europe/alexey-navalny-russian-opposition-found-prison-intl/index.html\">languished in prison camps</a> following his arrest on charges of <a href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/02/02/russian-court-rules-jail-navalny\">violating parole</a> during his recovery in Germany, many of these activists in exile <a href=\"https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/democracy/democracy-exile-political-action-anti-war-russian-migrants-facilitates-possible-democratization\">continued</a> to operate outside of Russia, our <a href=\"https://outrush.io/eng\">research partners</a> have found.</p>\n<p>They <a href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/underground-networks-russians-helping-ukrainian-refugees-2022-05-11/\">support Ukrainian refugees and war efforts</a> and participate in tracking down children who have been taken to Russia. They are active in anti-war demonstrations and <a href=\"https://www.zois-berlin.de/en/press/press-releases/russian-migrant-activists-try-to-mobilise-diasporas-in-georgia-and-germany\">support</a> each other in exile.</p>\n<p>This new generation of Russian activists \u2013 whether those in exile advocating for change or those risking their well-being in Russia to support anti-war candidates \u2013 is Navalny\u2019s legacy, and I believe it is powerful.</p>\n<p>Before his death, Navalny <a href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/video-alexei-navalny-had-a-message-for-russians-if-he-died-2024-2\">spoke directly to the generation of activists he inspired</a>: \u201cListen, I\u2019ve got something very obvious to tell you. You\u2019re not allowed to give up. If they decide to kill me, it means that we are incredibly strong.<img alt=\"The Conversation\" height=\"1\" src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/223774/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" width=\"1\"/>\u201d</p>\n<p><em class=\"author-id\"><span><a href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/regina-smyth-456488\">Regina Smyth</a>\u00a0is\u00a0Professor of Political Science, <a href=\"https://theconversation.com/institutions/indiana-university-1368\">Indiana University</a></span></em></p>\n<p><em class=\"publisher\">This article is republished from <a href=\"https://theconversation.com\">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https://theconversation.com/navalny-dies-in-prison-authorities-say-but-his-blueprint-for-anti-putin-activism-will-live-on-223774\">original article</a>.</em></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div>\n<span class=\"hidden\"><a href=\"https://brid.gy/publish/twitter\"></a></span><span class=\"hidden\"><a href=\"https://brid.gy/publish/mastodon\"></a></span><div class=\"node_view\"></div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"tags\">\n<ul class=\"tags\">\n<li class=\"h-category\"><a href=\"https://portside.org/alexey-navalny\" hreflang=\"en\">Alexey Navalny</a></li>\n<li class=\"h-category\"><a href=\"https://portside.org/russia\" hreflang=\"en\">Russia</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n<div class=\"buttons-article-end\">\n<div class=\"subscribe-article-end\">\n<a class=\"btn btn-primary\" href=\"https://portside.org/subscribe\">Subscribe to Portside</a>\n</div>\n</div>"
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"content": "<div class=\"expanded-article-image-wrapper\">\n<img alt=\"\" class=\"expanded-article-image u-photo img-responsive\" height=\"453\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://portside.org/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/field/image/navalny-2024-02-16.jpg\" width=\"615\"/>\n<div class=\"article-image-credit\">\n A portrait of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny is placed at the monument to the victims of political repressions following Navalny's death, in Saint Petersburg, Russia February 16, 2024, REUTERS/Stringer\n </div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"full-article-text-wrapper\">\n<div>\n<p>[Read <a href=\"https://portside.org/2023-08-11/navalny-everyone-has-make-some-kind-sacrifice\">Alexey Navalny's statement to the court, 'Everyone has to make some kind of sacrifice,'</a> as he was sentenced to 20 years in prison in August 2023. -- moderator]</p>\n<p>Long <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/27/world/europe/russia-putin-election-boris-nadezhdin.html\">lines of Russians endured subzero temperatures</a> in January 2024 to demand that <a href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russian-anti-war-candidate-nadezhdin-says-he-has-enough-signatures-run-president-2024-01-31/\">anti-Ukraine war candidate Boris Nadezhdin</a> be allowed to run in the forthcoming presidential election. It was protest by petition \u2013 a tactic that reflects the legacy of Alexei Navalny, the longtime Russian pro-democracy campaigner. Authorities say Navalny, a persistent thorn in the side of Russian President Vladimir Putin, <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/16/world/europe/aleksei-navalny-dead-russia.html\">died in prison</a> on Feb. 16, 2024.</p>\n<p>For more than a decade, Navalny fought Russian authoritarianism at the ballot box and on the streets as the most recognizable face of anti-Putinism, filtering support to candidates brave enough to stand against the Kremlin\u2019s wishes.</p>\n<div class=\"links inline social-buttons-links tokens\" id=\"block-socialsimpleblock\">\n<div class=\"social-buttons\">\n<div class=\"social-buttons-title\">Share this article on</div>\n<ul class=\"links\">\n<li class=\"twitter\"><a data-placement=\"top\" data-popup-height=\"300\" data-popup-width=\"600\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" href=\"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet/?url=https%3A//portside.org/2024-02-16/navalny-dies-prison-authorities-say-his-blueprint-anti-putin-activism-will-live&amp;text=Navalny%20Dies%20in%20Prison%2C%20Authorities%20Say%20%E2%88%92%20but%20His%20Blueprint%20for%20Anti-Putin%20Activism%20Will%20Live%20On\" title=\"Twitter\"><i class=\"fa fa-twitter\"></i><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Twitter</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"facebook\"><a data-placement=\"top\" data-popup-height=\"300\" data-popup-width=\"600\" data-toggle=\"tooltip\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//portside.org/2024-02-16/navalny-dies-prison-authorities-say-his-blueprint-anti-putin-activism-will-live\" title=\"Facebook\"><i class=\"fa fa-facebook\"></i><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Facebook</span></a></li>\n<li class=\"mail\"><a data-popup-open=\"false\" href=\"mailto:?body=%0ANavalny%20Dies%20in%20Prison%2C%20Authorities%20Say%20%E2%88%92%20but%20His%20Blueprint%20for%20Anti-Putin%20Activism%20Will%20Live%20On%0Ahttps%3A//portside.org/2024-02-16/navalny-dies-prison-authorities-say-his-blueprint-anti-putin-activism-will-live&amp;subject=Navalny%20Dies%20in%20Prison%2C%20Authorities%20Say%20%E2%88%92%20but%20His%20Blueprint%20for%20Anti-Putin%20Activism%20Will%20Live%20On\" title=\"Mail\"><i class=\"fa fa-envelope\"></i><span class=\"visually-hidden\">Mail</span></a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n<p>Often opposition does not translate into electoral success. Nadezhdin supporters did not expect that their man could actually defeat Putin in the <a href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-putin-run-again-president-2024-2023-12-08/\">vote scheduled for March 20, 2024</a>. Given how tightly the Kremlin controls politics in Russia, the result of the presidential election is a foregone conclusion.</p>\n<p>But for many Russians, the opportunity to support Nadezhdin\u2019s candidacy was the only legal means they had to communicate their opposition to Putin and the war. The fact that authorities ultimately <a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/02/08/boris-nadezhdin-antiwar-candidate-putin/\">barred</a> Nadezhdin from participating suggests that the Kremlin remains cautious about any candidate who punctures official narratives of a nation united behind Putin\u2019s war in Ukraine.</p>\n<p>That effort to protest the election seems all the more poignant following Navalny\u2019s death. It reflected the heart of a strategy that Navalny developed over more than a decade and that <a href=\"https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4HseTkMAAAAJ&amp;hl=en\">I have written about</a> since 2011.</p>\n<h2>The movement remains</h2>\n<p>Navalny understood that opposition in Russia was about exposing the <a href=\"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/united-russia-party-of-crooks-and-thieves-and-then-some/\">corruption</a> in Putin\u2019s party, United Russia; shining a light on <a href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/elections-protest-and-authoritarian-regime-stability/51A474C37A1671C885CC5F90091EDBC0\">electoral manipulation</a>; and alerting the world to growing <a href=\"https://www.voanews.com/a/russian-repression-of-dissidents-civil-society-reaches-unprecedented-levels/7279656.html\">political violence</a>.</p>\n<p>Navalny highlighted the very real opposition to Putin and authoritarian rule that exists in Russia despite attempts to hide it from the world.</p>\n<p>To achieve these goals, team Navalny \u2013 and it is important to remember that while Navalny the man is dead, the <a href=\"https://acf.international\">movement he sparked</a> remains \u2013 repeatedly used elections to make the opposition visible and spark political debate.</p>\n<p></p><div class=\"snapshot-mini-form tokens\" data-drupal-selector=\"snapshot-mini-form\" id=\"block-portsidelistservnewslettersubscribeminiform\">\n<form accept-charset=\"UTF-8\" action=\"#snapshot-mini-form\" class=\"form-horizontal\" id=\"snapshot-mini-form\" method=\"post\">\n<p class=\"helper-text\">If you like this article, please sign up for Snapshot, Portside's daily summary.</p><div class=\"subscribe-oneline\"><div class=\"row form-group js-form-item form-item js-form-type-email form-type-email js-form-item-email-address form-item-email-address\">\n<label class=\"col-sm-2 control-label js-form-required form-required\" for=\"edit-email-address\">Email</label>\n<div class=\"form--email col-sm-10 col-lg-8\">\n<input aria-required=\"true\" class=\"form-email required form-control input--text\" data-drupal-selector=\"edit-email-address\" id=\"edit-email-address\" maxlength=\"64\" name=\"email_address\" required=\"required\" size=\"64\" type=\"email\" value=\"\"/>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"form-group\">\n<input class=\"btn-wide button js-form-submit form-submit btn-portside\" data-drupal-selector=\"edit-submit\" id=\"edit-submit\" name=\"op\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Subscribe\"/>\n</div>\n</div><input class=\"form-control input--text\" data-drupal-selector=\"edit-list-name\" name=\"list_name\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"PORTSIDE-SNAPSHOT\"/>\n<p class=\"helper-text\">(One summary e-mail a day, you can <a href=\"https://portside.org/subscribe\">change anytime</a>, and Portside is always free.)</p><input class=\"form-control input--text\" data-drupal-selector=\"edit-honeypot-time\" name=\"honeypot_time\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"pAh_AXmR_8wFzK8uy75trVmKmDlm2sqMJydGIc_cvXo\"/>\n<input autocomplete=\"off\" class=\"form-control input--text\" data-drupal-selector=\"form-giahogzkuhxrrlbsxscafj9bfh3g5bzkrddmfi-6snu\" name=\"form_build_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"form-GiAhOgZkuHXrrLBSXScafj9bfH3g5bzKrddMFi_6SNU\"/>\n<input class=\"form-control input--text\" data-drupal-selector=\"edit-snapshot-mini-form\" name=\"form_id\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"snapshot_mini_form\"/>\n<div class=\"zip-textfield js-form-wrapper form-wrapper\" style=\"display: none !important;\"><div class=\"row form-group js-form-item form-item js-form-type-textfield form-type-textfield js-form-item-zip form-item-zip\">\n<label class=\"col-sm-2 control-label\" for=\"edit-zip\">Leave this field blank</label>\n<div class=\"form--textfield col-sm-10 col-lg-8\">\n<input autocomplete=\"off\" class=\"form-text form-control input--text\" data-drupal-selector=\"edit-zip\" id=\"edit-zip\" maxlength=\"128\" name=\"zip\" size=\"20\" type=\"text\" value=\"\"/>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</form>\n</div>\n<p>Navalny <a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/russian-blogger-alexei-navalny-in-spotlight-after-arrest/2011/12/06/gIQA5tZPZO_story.html\">emerged as a political force</a> in 2011, when he kicked off a large national protest movement ahead of the 2012 parliamentary election by labeling Putin\u2019s United Russia the \u201cParty of Crooks and Thieves.\u201d He held contests to create memes to illustrate the slogan and mobilized voters who did not support Putin\u2019s party.</p>\n<p><img alt=\"A protester wearing a hat stands in front of a sign in Russian that translates to 'We did not vote for crooks and thieves!'\" src=\"https://images.theconversation.com/files/576222/original/file-20240216-16-d4pt1w.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\"/></p>\n<p><span>Opposition activists in 2011 declare, \u2018We did not vote for crooks and thieves!\u2019</span> <span><a href=\"https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/opposition-activists-protest-in-the-siberian-city-of-news-photo/135444601?adppopup=true\">Valery Titievsky/AFP via Getty Images</a></span></p>\n<p>Putin inevitably won the election, with the head of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe observer mission commenting that <a href=\"https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/88661\">due to irregularities and abuses</a> the winner \u201cwas never in doubt.\u201d</p>\n<p>But nonetheless, Navalny\u2019s efforts meant that a new opposition was in place and ready to take to the streets to fight election fraud.</p>\n<h2>Getting out of the electoral \u2018ghetto\u2019</h2>\n<p>Despite his arrest and conviction on fraud charges in 2013, Navalny <a href=\"https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/research/perspective/russian-mayoral-election-white\">ran for mayor</a> of Moscow that year. In the campaign, he innovated electoral politics, recruiting young volunteers who met voters on the streets and in their apartment blocks.</p>\n<p>Navalny <a href=\"https://www.lai.lv/viedokli/navalnys-i-have-a-dream-moment-in-moscows-mayoral-election-313\">won almost 30%</a> of the vote \u2013 double that expected \u2013 and claimed that the only reason Putin\u2019s hand-picked candidate, Sergei Sobyanin, had got above the 50% needed to secure a first-round victory was <a href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/moscows-mayoral-race-rattles-the-kremlin/2013/09/09/458edb8a-1986-11e3-8685-5021e0c41964_story.html\">due to a falsified vote</a>.</p>\n<p>Navalny later <a href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43555051\">articulated</a> the real success, as he saw it, in an interview with fellow opposition figure <a href=\"https://www.dw.com/en/russia-jails-putin-critic-vladimir-kara-murza-for-treason/a-65343380\">Vladimir Kara-Murza</a>: \u201cWe have shown that ordinary people \u2013 with no administrative resources, no corporate sponsors, no public relations gurus \u2013 can unite and achieve results at the ballot box,\u201d he said. \u201cWe have shown that we are no longer confined to a 3% electoral \u2018ghetto.\u2019\u201d</p>\n<p>Navalny concluded: \u201cFor me, the most important result of this campaign is the return of real politics to Russia.\u201d</p>\n<p>During that 2013 campaign, my research team <a href=\"https://brill.com/view/journals/rupo/1/4/article-p347_2.xml\">interviewed Navalny activists</a> and observed the work in campaign headquarters.</p>\n<p>These interviews underscored Navalny\u2019s relationship with the people. Many of the volunteers rejected the idea that they were working for him. Instead, they were volunteering because they admired Navalny\u2019s tactics. They liked his political style. They wanted change in Russia.</p>\n<p>Navalny brought Russians alienated by Russian politics together and empowered them. As one campaign volunteer <a href=\"https://brill.com/view/journals/rupo/1/4/article-p347_2.xml\">interviewed</a> in our study argued, \u201cWe all were frightened before the first protest and even left a will before we joined the movement. But it was not a mob. There were people like us. The feeling we had in Navalny\u2019s office was the feeling of being with people like me.\u201d</p>\n<p>Through the next decade, Navalny and his team continued to return political competition to Russia\u2019s politics. They built local organizations that attracted support and <a href=\"https://www.france24.com/en/20200914-kremlin-set-for-victory-in-local-elections-navalny-s-allies-make-symbolic-gains-in-siberia\">found some success</a> in Siberian cities Tomsk and Novosibirsk, despite the <a href=\"https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/10/25/how-kremlin-learned-to-defeat-its-opposition-pub-85620\">endless obstacles</a> the Kremlin placed in their way.</p>\n<h2>Return from exile</h2>\n<p>The culmination of these efforts is a system Navalny developed in 2018 called <a href=\"https://apnews.com/article/europe-russia-elections-media-voting-cec43110142e7ce362b2d4f9acd9b1f0\">Smart Voting</a>. Through an <a href=\"https://apnews.com/article/europe-russia-elections-media-voting-cec43110142e7ce362b2d4f9acd9b1f0\">online tool</a>, the Navalny team encourages Russians to support any reform-minded candidates in elections and in particular directs voters to the candidate most likely to beat Putin\u2019s United Russia party.</p>\n<p>Research by Russian scholars Mikhail Turchenko and Grigorii Golosov <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2022.2147485\">shows that the tool</a> has had a very significant effect on voters and increasing turnout, opposition votes and popular attention on elections.</p>\n<p>Navalny\u2019s efforts seemingly irked the Russian state and may have been the impetus of an assassination attempt against him by Russia\u2019s domestic security agency, known as the FSB, in 2020.</p>\n<p>Navalny survived <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/14/alexei-navalny-in-critical-situation-after-possible-poisoning-says-ally\">Novichok poisoning</a> only because <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/06/navalny-poisoning-germany-raises-pressure-on-russia-with-sanctions-talk\">international pressure</a> forced the regime to allow him to be <a href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53865811\">airlifted to Germany</a> for treatment. During his recovery, Navalny used the attack on him to further his political activism and convey the regime\u2019s growing brutality. He famously <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gwvA49ZXnf8\">interviewed his would-be assassin</a> to uncover the details of the operation.</p>\n<p>Navalny\u2019s <a href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/why-alexey-navalny-returned-to-russia\">return to Russia</a> under threat of arrest in February 2021 kicked off the largest street protests \u2013 in support of the opposition leader \u2013 since the collapse of the Soviet Union.</p>\n<p>These protests inspired a new generation of activists. They also <a href=\"https://en.ovdinfo.org/suppression-rallies-support-alexei-navalny-january-17-and-18-2021\">marked</a> new levels of police brutality against pro-democracy demonstrators in the streets and in the years since.</p>\n<h2>Handing on the baton</h2>\n<p>Since 2022, I have led a research team that has interviewed Russians who left the country in opposition to the war in Ukraine. Many participated in the anti-war protests of late February and early March 2022 and point to Navalny\u2019s return to Russia as the origin of their own political engagement and activism.</p>\n<p>As one respondent argued: \u201cMy civic position began to emerge. All this was close to Navalny, his movement, and his encouragement to notice something, to pay attention \u2026 I began to go to rallies, and became much more interested and aware of politics.\u201d</p>\n<p>While Navalny <a href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/25/europe/alexey-navalny-russian-opposition-found-prison-intl/index.html\">languished in prison camps</a> following his arrest on charges of <a href=\"https://www.hrw.org/news/2021/02/02/russian-court-rules-jail-navalny\">violating parole</a> during his recovery in Germany, many of these activists in exile <a href=\"https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/democracy/democracy-exile-political-action-anti-war-russian-migrants-facilitates-possible-democratization\">continued</a> to operate outside of Russia, our <a href=\"https://outrush.io/eng\">research partners</a> have found.</p>\n<p>They <a href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/underground-networks-russians-helping-ukrainian-refugees-2022-05-11/\">support Ukrainian refugees and war efforts</a> and participate in tracking down children who have been taken to Russia. They are active in anti-war demonstrations and <a href=\"https://www.zois-berlin.de/en/press/press-releases/russian-migrant-activists-try-to-mobilise-diasporas-in-georgia-and-germany\">support</a> each other in exile.</p>\n<p>This new generation of Russian activists \u2013 whether those in exile advocating for change or those risking their well-being in Russia to support anti-war candidates \u2013 is Navalny\u2019s legacy, and I believe it is powerful.</p>\n<p>Before his death, Navalny <a href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/video-alexei-navalny-had-a-message-for-russians-if-he-died-2024-2\">spoke directly to the generation of activists he inspired</a>: \u201cListen, I\u2019ve got something very obvious to tell you. You\u2019re not allowed to give up. If they decide to kill me, it means that we are incredibly strong.<img alt=\"The Conversation\" height=\"1\" src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/223774/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" width=\"1\"/>\u201d</p>\n<p><em class=\"author-id\"><span><a href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/regina-smyth-456488\">Regina Smyth</a>\u00a0is\u00a0Professor of Political Science, <a href=\"https://theconversation.com/institutions/indiana-university-1368\">Indiana University</a></span></em></p>\n<p><em class=\"publisher\">This article is republished from <a href=\"https://theconversation.com\">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href=\"https://theconversation.com/navalny-dies-in-prison-authorities-say-but-his-blueprint-for-anti-putin-activism-will-live-on-223774\">original article</a>.</em></p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div>\n<span class=\"hidden\"><a href=\"https://brid.gy/publish/twitter\"></a></span><span class=\"hidden\"><a href=\"https://brid.gy/publish/mastodon\"></a></span><div class=\"node_view\"></div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"tags\">\n<ul class=\"tags\">\n<li class=\"h-category\"><a href=\"https://portside.org/alexey-navalny\" hreflang=\"en\">Alexey Navalny</a></li>\n<li class=\"h-category\"><a href=\"https://portside.org/russia\" hreflang=\"en\">Russia</a></li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n<div class=\"buttons-article-end\">\n<div class=\"subscribe-article-end\">\n<a class=\"btn btn-primary\" href=\"https://portside.org/subscribe\">Subscribe to Portside</a>\n</div>\n</div>",
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